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签到天数: 2 天 [LV.1]初来乍到
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CRUD是Create(创建)、Read(读取)、Update(更新)和Delete(删除)的缩写,它是普通应用程序的缩影。如果您掌握了某框架的CRUD编写,那么意味可以使用该框架创建普通应用程序了,所以大家使用新框架开发OLTP(Online Transaction Processing)应用程序时,首先会研究一下如何编写CRUD。这类似于大家在学习新编程语言时喜欢编写“Hello World”。
本文旨在讲述Struts 2上的CRUD开发,所以为了例子的简单易懂,我不会花时间在数据库的操作上。取而代之的是一个模拟数据库的哈希表(Hash Map)。
具体实现
首先,让我们看看的“冒牌”的DAO(Data Access Object,数据访问对象),代码如下:
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package
tutorial.dao;
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import
java.util.Collection;
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import
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
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import
java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
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import
tutorial.model.Book;
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 
public
class
BookDao
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{
private static final BookDao instance;
private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Book> data;
 static {
instance = new BookDao();
data = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Book>();
data.put("978-0735619678", new Book("978-0735619678", "Code Complete, Second Edition", 32.99));
data.put("978-0596007867", new Book("978-0596007867", "The Art of Project Management", 35.96));
data.put("978-0201633610", new Book("978-0201633610", "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software", 43.19));
data.put("978-0596527341", new Book("978-0596527341", "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites", 25.19));
data.put("978-0735605350", new Book("978-0735605350", "Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art", 25.19));
}
 private BookDao() {}
 public static BookDao getInstance() {
return instance;
}
 public Collection<Book> getBooks() {
return data.values();
}
 public Book getBook(String isbn) {
return data.get(isbn);
}
 public void storeBook(Book book) {
data.put(book.getIsbn(), book);
}
 public void removeBook(String isbn) {
data.remove(isbn);
}
 public void removeBooks(String[] isbns) {
 for(String isbn : isbns) {
data.remove(isbn);
}
}
}
清单1 src/tutorial/dao/BookDao.java 以上代码相信不用解释大家也清楚,我使用ConcurrentMap数据结构存储Book对象,这主要是为了方便检索和保存Book对象;另外,我还将data变量设为静态唯一来模拟应用程序的数据库。 接下来是的数据模型Book类,代码如下:
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package
tutorial.model;
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 
public
class
Book
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{
private String isbn;
private String title;
private double price;
 public Book() {
}
 public Book(String isbn, String title, double price) {
this.isbn = isbn;
this.title = title;
this.price = price;
}
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 public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}
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 public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}
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 public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
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 public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
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 public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
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 public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
}
清单2 src/tutorial/model/Book.java Book类有三个属性isbn,、title和price分别代表书籍的编号、名称和价格,其中编号用于唯一标识书籍(相当数据库中的主键)。 然后,我们再来看看Action类的代码:
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package
tutorial.action;
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import
java.util.Collection;
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import
tutorial.dao.BookDao;
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import
tutorial.model.Book;
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import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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 
public
class
BookAction
extends
ActionSupport
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{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 872316812305356L;
private String isbn;
private String[] isbns;
private Book book;
private Collection<Book> books;
private BookDao dao = BookDao.getInstance();
 public Book getBook() {
return book;
}
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 public void setBook(Book book) {
this.book = book;
}

 public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}

 public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}

 public String[] getIsbns() {
return isbns;
}

 public void setIsbns(String[] isbns) {
this.isbns = isbns;
}
 public Collection<Book> getBooks() {
return books;
}

 public void setBooks(Collection<Book> books) {
this.books = books;
}

 public String load() {
book = dao.getBook(isbn);
return SUCCESS;
}
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 public String list() {
books = dao.getBooks();
return SUCCESS;
}
 public String store() {
dao.storeBook(book);
return SUCCESS;
}
 public String remove() {
 if(null != isbn) {
dao.removeBook(isbn);
 } else {
dao.removeBooks(isbns);
}
return SUCCESS;
}
}
清单3 src/tutorial/action/BookAction.java BookAction类中属性isbn用于表示待编辑或删除的书籍的编号,属性isbns用于表示多个待删除的书籍的编号数组,属性book表示当前书籍,属性books则表示当前的书籍列表。BookAction有四个Action方法分别是load、list、store和remove,也即是CRUD都集中在BookAction中实现。 再下来是Action的配置代码:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<!
DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"
>
<
struts
>
<
package
name
="Struts2_CRUD_DEMO"
extends
="struts-default"
namespace
="/Book"
>
<
action
name
="List"
class
="tutorial.action.BookAction"
method
="list"
>
<
result
>
List.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
<
action
name
="Edit"
class
="tutorial.action.BookAction"
method
="load"
>
<
result
>
Edit.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
>
<
action
name
="Store"
class
="tutorial.action.BookAction"
method
="store"
>
<
result
type
="redirect"
>
List.action
</
result
>
</
action
>
<
action
name
="Remove"
class
="tutorial.action.BookAction"
method
="remove"
>
<
result
type
="redirect"
>
List.action
</
result
>
</
action
>
</
package
>
</
struts
>
清单4 src/struts.xml 以上的配置中,我使用了四个Action定义。它们都在“/Book”名值空间内。这样我就可以分别通过“http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book/List.action”、“http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book/Edit.action”、“http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book/Store.action”和“http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book/Remove.action”来调用BookAction的四个Action方法进行CRUD操作。当然,这只是个人喜好,你大可以只定义一个Action(假设其名称为“Book”),之后通过“http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book!list.action”的方式来访问,详细做法请参考《Struts 2.0的Action讲解》。另外,我由于希望在完成编辑或删除之后回到列表页,所以使用类型为redirect(重定向)的result。 下面是列表页面的代码:
<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
contentType
=
"
text/HTML; charset=utf-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
utf-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Book List
</
title
>
<
style
type
="text/css"
>
table
{
border
:
1px solid black
;
border-collapse
:
collapse
;
}
table thead tr th
{
border
:
1px solid black
;
padding
:
3px
;
background-color
:
#cccccc
;
}
table tbody tr td
{
border
:
1px solid black
;
padding
:
3px
;
}
</
style
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
Book List
</
h2
>
<
s:form
action
="Remove"
theme
="simple"
>
<
table
cellspacing
="0"
>
<
thead
>
<
tr
>
<
th
>
Select
</
th
>
<
th
>
ISBN
</
th
>
<
th
>
Title
</
th
>
<
th
>
Price
</
th
>
<
th
>
Operation
</
th
>
</
tr
>
</
thead
>
<
tbody
>
<
s:iterator
value
="books"
>
<
tr
>
<
td
><
input
type
="checkbox"
name
="isbns"
value
="<s:property
value
="isbn"
/>
" />
</
td
>
<
td
><
s:property
value
="isbn"
/></
td
>
<
td
><
s:property
value
="title"
/></
td
>
<
td
>
$
<
s:property
value
="price"
/></
td
>
<
td
>
<
a
href
="<s:url
action
="Edit"
><
s:param
name
="isbn"
value
="isbn"
/></
s:url
>
">
Edit
</
a
>
<
a
href
="<s:url
action
="Remove"
><
s:param
name
="isbn"
value
="isbn"
/></
s:url
>
">
Delete
</
a
>
</
td
>
</
tr
>
</
s:iterator
>
</
tbody
>
</
table
>
<
s:submit
value
="Remove"
/><
a
href
="Edit.jsp"
>
Add Book
</
a
>
</
s:form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
清单5 WebContentBookList.jsp 以上代码,值得注意的是在<s:form>标签,我设置了theme属性为“simple”,这样可以取消其默认的表格布局。之前,有些朋友问我“如果不希望提交按钮放在右边应该怎样做?”,上述做汗是答案之一。当然,更佳的做法自定义一个theme,并将其设为默认应用到整个站点,如此一来就可以得到统一的站点风格。我会在以后的文章中会对此作详细的描述。 编辑或添加书籍的页面代码如下:
<%
@ page language
=
"
java
"
contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=utf-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
utf-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
>
<
html
xmlns
="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Book
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h2
>
<
s:if
test
="null == book"
>
Add Book
</
s:if
>
<
s:else
>
Edit Book
</
s:else
>
</
h2
>
<
s:form
action
="Store"
>
<
s:textfield
name
="book.isbn"
label
="ISBN"
/>
<
s:textfield
name
="book.title"
label
="Title"
/>
<
s:textfield
name
="book.price"
label
="Price"
/>
<
s:submit
/>
</
s:form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
清单6 WebContent/Book/Edit.jsp 如果book为null,则表明该页面用于添加书籍,反之则为编辑页面。 为了方便大家运行示例,我把web.xml的代码也贴出来,如下:
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<
web-app
id
="WebApp_9"
version
="2.4"
xmlns
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
>
<
display-name
>
Struts 2 Fileupload
</
display-name
>
<
filter
>
<
filter-name
>
struts2
</
filter-name
>
<
filter-class
>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</
filter-class
>
</
filter
>
<
filter-mapping
>
<
filter-name
>
struts2
</
filter-name
>
<
url-pattern
>
/*
</
url-pattern
>
</
filter-mapping
>
<
welcome-file-list
>
<
welcome-file
>
index.html
</
welcome-file
>
</
welcome-file-list
>
</
web-app
>
清单7 WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml 大功告成,下面发布运行应用程序,在浏览器中键入:http://localhost:8080/Struts2_CRUD/Book/List.action,出现如下图所示页面: 
清单8 列表页面 点击“Add Book”,出现如下图所示页面: 
清单9 添加书籍页面 后退回到列表页面,点击“Edit”,出现如下图所示页面: 
清单10 编辑书籍页面 总结 本文只是粗略地了介绍Struts 2的CRUD实现方法,所以有很多功能没有实现,如国际化和数据校验等。大家可以在上面例子的基础将其完善,当作练习也不错。如果过程中有不明白之处,可以参考我早前的文章或给我发E-Mail:max.m.yuan@gmail.com。 |
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