TA的每日心情 | 开心 2021-12-13 21:45 |
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签到天数: 15 天 [LV.4]偶尔看看III
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hadoop基础-MapReduce的数据倾斜解决方案
作者:尹正杰
版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。
一.数据倾斜简介
1>.什么是数据倾斜
答:大量数据涌入到某一节点,导致此节点负载过重,此时就产生了数据倾斜。
2>.处理数据倾斜的两种方案
第一:重新设计key;
第二:设计随机分区;
二.模拟数据倾斜
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复制代码
screw.txt 文件内容
1>.App端代码

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
- 11 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 12 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 13 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
- 14 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
- 15 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
- 16
- 17 public class ScrewApp {
- 18 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- 19 //实例化一个Configuration,它会自动去加载本地的core-site.xml配置文件的fs.defaultFS属性。(该文件放在项目的resources目录即可。)
- 20 Configuration conf = new Configuration();
- 21 //将hdfs写入的路径定义在本地,需要修改默认为文件系统,这样就可以覆盖到之前在core-site.xml配置文件读取到的数据。
- 22 conf.set("fs.defaultFS","file:///");
- 23 //代码的入口点,初始化HDFS文件系统,此时我们需要把读取到的fs.defaultFS属性传给fs对象。
- 24 FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
- 25 //创建一个任务对象job,别忘记把conf穿进去哟!
- 26 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
- 27 //给任务起个名字
- 28 job.setJobName("WordCount");
- 29 //指定main函数所在的类,也就是当前所在的类名
- 30 job.setJarByClass(ScrewApp.class);
- 31 //指定map的类名,这里指定咱们自定义的map程序即可
- 32 job.setMapperClass(ScrewMapper.class);
- 33 //指定reduce的类名,这里指定咱们自定义的reduce程序即可
- 34 job.setReducerClass(ScrewReduce.class);
- 35 //设置输出key的数据类型
- 36 job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
- 37 //设置输出value的数据类型
- 38 job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
- 39 Path localPath = new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out");
- 40 if (fs.exists(localPath)){
- 41 fs.delete(localPath,true);
- 42 }
- 43 //设置输入路径,需要传递两个参数,即任务对象(job)以及输入路径
- 44 FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\screw.txt"));
- 45 //设置输出路径,需要传递两个参数,即任务对象(job)以及输出路径
- 46 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,localPath);
- 47 //设置Reduce的个数为2.
- 48 job.setNumReduceTasks(2);
- 49 //等待任务执行结束,将里面的值设置为true。
- 50 job.waitForCompletion(true);
- 51 }
- 52 }
复制代码
ScrewApp.java 文件内容
2>.Reduce端代码

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
- 11
- 12 import java.io.IOException;
- 13
- 14 public class ScrewReduce extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable> {
- 15 @Override
- 16 protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 17 int count = 0;
- 18 for (IntWritable value : values) {
- 19 count += value.get();
- 20 }
- 21 context.write(key,new IntWritable(count));
- 22 }
- 23 }
复制代码
ScrewReduce.java 文件内容
3>.Mapper端代码

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 11 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
- 12
- 13 import java.io.IOException;
- 14
- 15 public class ScrewMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,IntWritable> {
- 16 @Override
- 17 protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 18 String line = value.toString();
- 19
- 20 String[] arr = line.split(" ");
- 21
- 22 for (String word : arr) {
- 23 context.write(new Text(word),new IntWritable(1));
- 24 }
- 25 }
- 26 }
复制代码
ScrewMapper.java 文件内容
执行以上代码,查看数据如下:
三.解决数据倾斜方案之重新设计key
1>.具体代码如下

- /*
- @author :yinzhengjie
- Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- */
- package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
- import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.Random;
- public class ScrewMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
- //定义一个reduce变量
- int reduces;
- //定义一个随机数生成器变量
- Random r;
- /**
- * setup方法是用于初始化值
- */
- @Override
- protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- //通过context.getNumReduceTasks()方法获取到用户配置的reduce个数。
- reduces = context.getNumReduceTasks();
- //生成一个随机数生成器
- r = new Random();
- }
- @Override
- protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- String line = value.toString();
- String[] arr = line.split(" ");
- for (String word : arr) {
- //从reducs的范围中获取一个int类型的随机数赋值给randVal
- int randVal = r.nextInt(reduces);
- //重新定义key
- String newWord = word+"_"+ randVal;
- //将自定义的key赋初始值为1发给reduce端
- context.write(new Text(newWord), new IntWritable(1));
- }
- }
- }
复制代码
ScrewMapper.java 文件内容

- 1 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 2
- 3 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 4 import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
- 5 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 6 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
- 7
- 8 import java.io.IOException;
- 9
- 10 public class ScrewMapper2 extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,IntWritable> {
- 11
- 12 //处理的数据类似于“1_1 677”
- 13 @Override
- 14 protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 15 String line = value.toString();
- 16 //
- 17 String[] arr = line.split("\t");
- 18
- 19 //newKey
- 20 String newKey = arr[0].split("_")[0];
- 21
- 22 //newVAl
- 23 int newVal = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);
- 24
- 25 context.write(new Text(newKey), new IntWritable(newVal));
- 26
- 27
- 28 }
- 29 }
复制代码
ScrewMapper2.java 文件内容

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
- 11
- 12 import java.io.IOException;
- 13
- 14 public class ScrewReducer extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable> {
- 15 @Override
- 16 protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 17 int count = 0;
- 18 for (IntWritable value : values) {
- 19 count += value.get();
- 20 }
- 21 context.write(key,new IntWritable(count));
- 22 }
- 23 }
复制代码
ScrewReducer.java 文件内容

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.srew;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
- 11 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 12 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 13 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
- 14 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
- 15 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
- 16
- 17 public class ScrewApp {
- 18 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- 19 //实例化一个Configuration,它会自动去加载本地的core-site.xml配置文件的fs.defaultFS属性。(该文件放在项目的resources目录即可。)
- 20 Configuration conf = new Configuration();
- 21 //将hdfs写入的路径定义在本地,需要修改默认为文件系统,这样就可以覆盖到之前在core-site.xml配置文件读取到的数据。
- 22 conf.set("fs.defaultFS","file:///");
- 23 //代码的入口点,初始化HDFS文件系统,此时我们需要把读取到的fs.defaultFS属性传给fs对象。
- 24 FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
- 25 //创建一个任务对象job,别忘记把conf穿进去哟!
- 26 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
- 27 //给任务起个名字
- 28 job.setJobName("WordCount");
- 29 //指定main函数所在的类,也就是当前所在的类名
- 30 job.setJarByClass(ScrewApp.class);
- 31 //指定map的类名,这里指定咱们自定义的map程序即可
- 32 job.setMapperClass(ScrewMapper.class);
- 33 //指定reduce的类名,这里指定咱们自定义的reduce程序即可
- 34 job.setReducerClass(ScrewReducer.class);
- 35 //设置输出key的数据类型
- 36 job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
- 37 //设置输出value的数据类型
- 38 job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
- 39 Path localPath = new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out");
- 40 if (fs.exists(localPath)){
- 41 fs.delete(localPath,true);
- 42 }
- 43 //设置输入路径,需要传递两个参数,即任务对象(job)以及输入路径
- 44 FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job,new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\screw.txt"));
- 45 //设置输出路径,需要传递两个参数,即任务对象(job)以及输出路径
- 46 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,localPath);
- 47 //设置Reduce的个数为2.
- 48 job.setNumReduceTasks(2);
- 49 //等待任务执行结束,将里面的值设置为true。
- 50 if (job.waitForCompletion(true)) {
- 51 //当第一个MapReduce结束之后,我们这里又启动了一个新的MapReduce,逻辑和上面类似。
- 52 Job job2 = Job.getInstance(conf);
- 53 job2.setJobName("Wordcount2");
- 54 job2.setJarByClass(ScrewApp.class);
- 55 job2.setMapperClass(ScrewMapper2.class);
- 56 job2.setReducerClass(ScrewReducer.class);
- 57 job2.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
- 58 job2.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
- 59 Path p2 = new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out2");
- 60 if (fs.exists(p2)) {
- 61 fs.delete(p2, true);
- 62 }
- 63 FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job2, localPath);
- 64 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job2, p2);
- 65 //我们将第一个MapReduce的2个reducer的处理结果放在新的一个MapReduce中只启用一个MapReduce。
- 66 job2.setNumReduceTasks(1);
- 67 job2.waitForCompletion(true);
- 68 }
- 69 }
- 70 }
复制代码
ScrewApp.java 文件内容
2>.检测实验结果
“D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out” 目录内容如下:
“D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out2” 目录内容如下:
四.解决数据倾斜方案之使用随机分区
1>.具体代码如下

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.screwpartition;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 11 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
- 12
- 13 import java.io.IOException;
- 14
- 15 public class Screw2Mapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,IntWritable> {
- 16
- 17 @Override
- 18 protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 19
- 20 String line = value.toString();
- 21
- 22 String[] arr = line.split(" ");
- 23
- 24 for(String word : arr){
- 25 context.write(new Text(word), new IntWritable(1));
- 26
- 27 }
- 28
- 29
- 30 }
- 31 }
复制代码
Screw2Mapper.java 文件内容

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.screwpartition;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;
- 11
- 12 import java.util.Random;
- 13
- 14 public class Screw2Partition extends Partitioner<Text, IntWritable> {
- 15 @Override
- 16 public int getPartition(Text text, IntWritable intWritable, int numPartitions) {
- 17 Random r = new Random();
- 18 //返回的是分区的随机的一个ID
- 19 return r.nextInt(numPartitions);
- 20 }
- 21 }
复制代码
Screw2Partition.java 文件内容

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.screwpartition;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
- 11
- 12 import java.io.IOException;
- 13
- 14 public class Screw2Reducer extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable> {
- 15 @Override
- 16 protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
- 17 int sum = 0;
- 18 for(IntWritable value : values){
- 19 sum += value.get();
- 20 }
- 21 context.write(key,new IntWritable(sum));
- 22 }
- 23 }
复制代码
Screw2Reducer.java 文件内容

- 1 /*
- 2 @author :yinzhengjie
- 3 Blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/Hadoop%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
- 4 EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
- 5 */
- 6 package cn.org.yinzhengjie.screwpartition;
- 7
- 8 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
- 9 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
- 10 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
- 11 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
- 12 import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
- 13 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
- 14 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
- 15 import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
- 16
- 17 public class Screw2App {
- 18 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- 19 Configuration conf = new Configuration();
- 20 conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "file:///");
- 21 FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
- 22 Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
- 23 job.setJobName("Wordcount");
- 24 job.setJarByClass(Screw2App.class);
- 25 job.setMapperClass(Screw2Mapper.class);
- 26 job.setReducerClass(Screw2Reducer.class);
- 27 job.setPartitionerClass(Screw2Partition.class);
- 28 job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
- 29 job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
- 30 Path p = new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out");
- 31 if (fs.exists(p)) {
- 32 fs.delete(p, true);
- 33 }
- 34 FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path("D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\screw.txt"));
- 35 FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, p);
- 36 job.setNumReduceTasks(2);
- 37 job.waitForCompletion(true);
- 38 }
- 39 }
复制代码
Screw2App.java 文件内容
2>.检测实验结果
“D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out” 目录内容如下:
“D:\\10.Java\\IDE\\yhinzhengjieData\\MyHadoop\\MapReduce\\out2” 目录内容如下:
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