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Android中的ContentProvider是一种多应用数据共享的机制,任何时候同一Provider只会创建一次,是由系统进行初始化和管理的。本文中将通过实现一个简单通讯录的插入、删除、查询操作来让你了解ContentProvider机制极其自定义过程。读过本系列(读取手机中通讯录)和(sqlite数据库操作)的读者可以发现,本文中实现的应用以这两篇内容为基础的。虽然,本文的MyContentProvider使用sqlite数据库进行持久化存储操作,包装后以ContentProvider机制供各app调用。但是,为理解ContentProvider,你必须有这样两个概念:一、它是一种可以跨应用共享数据的机制,正如本文开头所说。二、底层的存储在实现你的ContentProvider的时候可以自定义,即可以为数据库、也可以为文件,持久化或非持久化存储的其他形式。
程序截图如下:
类AcMain.java,为主Activity,用来实现应用的主界面控件和流程,代码:
//AcMain.java
package jtapp.contentproviders;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class AcMain extends Activity {
private Button btInsertData = null;
private Button btViewData = null;
private Button btDelOne = null;
private Button btClearAll = null;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btInsertData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button02);
btInsertData.setOnClickListener(new ClickViewHandler());
btViewData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button03);
btViewData.setOnClickListener(new ClickViewHandler());
btDelOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button04);
btDelOne.setOnClickListener(new ClickViewHandler());
btClearAll = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button05);
btClearAll.setOnClickListener(new ClickViewHandler());
}
public class ClickViewHandler implements OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (v == btInsertData) {
InsertSomeRecords();
} else if (v == btViewData) {
ViewRecords();
} else if (v == btDelOne) {
DelOne();
} else if (v == btClearAll) {
DelAllPeople();
}
}
private void DelAllPeople() {
getContentResolver().delete(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI, null, null);
}
private void DelOne() {
int id;
Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(
MyContacts.CONTENT_URI, null,
null, null, MyContacts.NAME + " ASC");
if (c.moveToFirst()) {
int idxID = c.getColumnIndex(MyContacts._ID);
id = c.getInt(idxID);
getContentResolver().delete(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI,
MyContacts._ID + " = " + id, null);
}
}
private void ViewRecords() {
// Make the query
Cursor c = managedQuery(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null,
MyContacts._ID);
StringBuilder sbRecords = new StringBuilder("");
if (c.moveToFirst()) {
int idxID = c.getColumnIndex(MyContacts._ID);
int idxName = c.getColumnIndex(MyContacts.NAME);
int idxNumber = c.getColumnIndex(MyContacts.NUMBER1);
int idxEmail = c.getColumnIndex(MyContacts.EMAIL);
// Iterator the records
do {
sbRecords.append(c.getInt(idxID));
sbRecords.append(". ");
sbRecords.append(c.getString(idxName));
sbRecords.append(", ");
sbRecords.append(c.getString(idxNumber));
sbRecords.append(", ");
sbRecords.append(c.getString(idxEmail));
sbRecords.append("/n");
} while (c.moveToNext());
}
c.close();
// Refresh the content of TextView
((TextView)(findViewById(
R.id.TextView01))).setText(sbRecords);
}
private void InsertSomeRecords() {
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(MyContacts.NAME, "朱元璋");
values.put(MyContacts.NUMBER1, "13965625585");
getContentResolver().insert(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI, values);
values.clear();
values.put(MyContacts.NAME, "玄烨");
values.put(MyContacts.EMAIL, "xueye1772@gmail.com");
getContentResolver().insert(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI, values);
}
}
}
代码中通过getContentResolver()调用contentprovider的delete、insert等操作,由系统根据uri决定调用哪个provider。
query查询除了用getContentResolver().query以外,还可以用activity.managedQuery调用,后者的Cursor的生命周期是由activity来自动管理,本文中的query就是属于这种情况。
主界面ui定义,main.xml,代码:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
androidrientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" />
<TableRow android:id="@+id/TableRow01" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button android:text="insert some records" android:id="@+id/Button02"
android:height="30px" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</TableRow>
<TableRow android:id="@+id/TableRow01" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button android:text="delete one" android:id="@+id/Button04"
android:height="30px" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button android:text="clear all" android:id="@+id/Button05"
android:height="30px" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</TableRow>
<Button android:text="view records" android:id="@+id/Button03"
android:height="30px" android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center" />
<TextView android:text="..." android:id="@+id/TextView01"
android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
MyContentProvider.java,代码:
package jtapp.contentproviders;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteStatement;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyContactsProvider extends ContentProvider {
private static final String TAG = "MyContactsProvider";
private static SQLiteDatabase mDB;
private static void createTablesIfNotExists() {
mDB.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "
+ MyContacts.TB_NAME + " ("
+ MyContacts._ID + " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
+ MyContacts.NAME + " VARCHAR,"
+ MyContacts.NUMBER1 + " VARCHAR,"
+ MyContacts.EMAIL + " VARCHAR)");
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
int count;
switch (MyContacts.uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MyContacts.CONTACTS:
count = mDB.delete(MyContacts.TB_NAME,
selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case MyContacts.CONTACT_ID:
String contactID = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = mDB.delete(MyContacts.TB_NAME,
MyContacts._ID + "=" + contactID, selectionArgs);
break;
default: throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
return count;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (MyContacts.uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MyContacts.CONTACTS:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.jtapp.contacts";
case MyContacts.CONTACT_ID:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.ambow.contacts";
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) {
long rowId = mDB.insert(MyContacts.TB_NAME, null, contentValues);
if (rowId > 0) {
Uri noteUri =
ContentUris.withAppendedId(MyContacts.CONTENT_URI,rowId);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
Log.d(TAG+"insert",noteUri.toString());
return noteUri;
} else {
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
if (mDB == null) {
mDB = this.getContext().openOrCreateDatabase(MyContacts.TB_NAME,
Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null);
createTablesIfNotExists();
}
return mDB != null;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
qb.setTables(MyContacts.TB_NAME);
switch (MyContacts.uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MyContacts.CONTACT_ID:
qb.appendWhere(
MyContacts._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;
}
String orderBy;
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)) {
orderBy = MyContacts._ID;
} else {
orderBy = sortOrder;
}
Cursor c = qb.query(mDB, projection, selection,
selectionArgs,null, null,orderBy);
return c;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
Log.d(TAG+"update",contentValues.toString());
Log.d(TAG+"update",uri.toString());
int count;
switch (MyContacts.uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case MyContacts.CONTACTS:
Log.d(TAG+"update",MyContacts.CONTACTS+"");
count = mDB.update(
MyContacts.TB_NAME, contentValues,
selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case MyContacts.CONTACT_ID:
String contactID = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
Log.d(TAG+"update",contactID+"");
count = mDB.update(MyContacts.TB_NAME,contentValues,
MyContacts._ID + "=" + contactID,
selectionArgs);
break;
default: throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Unsupported URI: " + uri);
}
return count;
}
}
MyContentProvider扩展了android.content.ContentProvider类,数据层的操作就在该类中完成。sqlite、文件形式、内存对象,持久化或者非持久化数据存储都可以包装在此类中,本文中使用了sqlite数据库进行持久化存储。
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange可以通知观察者数据发生改变,这是处理多应用调用时数据同步的关键,本文并没有完整的展现。自定义的MyContentProvider.java中还实现了update方法,在AcMain中没有调用到,你可尝试一下如何实现。
与MyContentProvider有关的表mycontacts相对应类MyContacts.java,其中定义了唯一资源标示URI,表结构字段名等。任何contentprovider的调用都是通过系统来进行,因此,URI起到了定位资源和特定provider类的作用。
//MyContacts.java
package jtapp.contentproviders;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
public class MyContacts implements BaseColumns {
public MyContacts(){
}
public static final String AUTHORITY =
"jtapp.contentproviders.contacts";
public static final String TB_NAME = "mycontacts";
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse(
"content://" + AUTHORITY + "/" + TB_NAME);
public static final int CONTACTS = 1;
public static final int CONTACT_ID = 2;
public static final UriMatcher uriMatcher;
static{
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"mycontacts",CONTACTS);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY,"mycontacts/#",CONTACT_ID);
}
public static final String _ID = "id";
public static final String NAME = "name";
public static final String NUMBER1 = "number1";
public static final String EMAIL = "email";
}
应用配置文件AndroidManifest.xml 代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="jtapp.contentproviders" android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".AcMain" android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<provider android:authorities="jtapp.contentproviders.contacts"
android:name="MyContactsProvider"></provider>
</application>
</manifest>
主要是里边插入了provider标签,向系统声明了自定义Provider的实现。 |
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