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签到天数: 15 天 [LV.4]偶尔看看III
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生命不止,继续 go go go!!!
之前,有介绍过golang提供的标准库:net包
Go语言学习之net包(The way to go)
简要回味net包
func ParseIP
- [code]func ParseIP(s string) IP
复制代码 [/code]
ParseIP parses s as an IP address, returning the result. The string s can be in dotted decimal (“192.0.2.1”) or IPv6 (“2001:db8::68”) form. If s is not a valid textual representation of an IP address, ParseIP returns nil.
func InterfaceAddrs
- [code]func InterfaceAddrs() ([]Addr, error)
复制代码 [/code]
InterfaceAddrs returns a list of the system’s unicast interface addresses.
The returned list does not identify the associated interface; use Interfaces and Interface.Addrs for more detail.
type IPNet
An IPNet represents an IP network.
- [code]type IPNet struct { IP IP // network number Mask IPMask // network mask }
复制代码 [/code]
type IP
An IP is a single IP address, a slice of bytes. Functions in this package accept either 4-byte (IPv4) or 16-byte (IPv6) slices as input.
Note that in this documentation, referring to an IP address as an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address is a semantic property of the address, not just the length of the byte slice: a 16-byte slice can still be an IPv4 address.
[/code]
func IPv4
- [code]func IPv4(a, b, c, d byte) IP
复制代码 [/code]
IPv4 returns the IP address (in 16-byte form) of the IPv4 address a.b.c.d.
点到为止,更详细的请看文档:https://golang.org/pkg/net
什么是外网IP和内网IP?
tcp/ip协议中,专门保留了三个IP地址区域作为私有地址,其地址范围如下:
10.0.0.0/8:10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0/12:172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0/16:192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255
什么是内网IP
一些小型企业或者学校,通常都是申请一个固定的IP地址,然后通过IP共享(IP Sharing),使用整个公司或学校的机器都能够访问互联网。而这些企业或学校的机器使用的IP地址就是内网IP,内网IP是在规划IPv4协议时,考虑到IP地址资源可能不足,就专门为内部网设计私有IP地址(或称之为保留地址),一般常用内网IP地址都是这种形式的:10.X.X.X、172.16.X.X-172.31.X.X、192.168.X.X等。需要注意的是,内网的计算机可向Internet上的其他计算机发送连接请求,但Internet上其他的计算机无法向内网的计算机发送连接请求。我们平时可能在内网机器上搭建过网站或者FTP服务器,而在外网是不能访问该网站和FTP服务器的,原因就在于此。
什么是公网IP
公网IP就是除了保留IP地址以外的IP地址,可以与Internet上的其他计算机随意互相访问。我们通常所说的IP地址,其实就是指的公网IP。互联网上的每台计算机都有一个独立的IP地址,该IP地址唯一确定互联网上的一台计算机。这里的IP地址就是指的公网IP地址。
怎样理解互联网上的每台计算机都有一个唯一的IP地址
其实,互联网上的计算机是通过“公网IP+内网IP”来唯一确定的,就像很多大楼都是201房间一样,房间号可能一样,但是大楼肯定是唯一的。公网IP地址和内网IP地址也是同样,不同企业或学校的机器可能有相同的内网IP地址,但是他们的公网IP地址肯定不同。那么这些企业或学校的计算机是怎样IP地址共享的呢?这就需要使用NAT(Network Address Translation,网络地址转换)功能。当内部计算机要连接互联网时,首先需要通过NAT技术,将内部计算机数据包中有关IP地址的设置都设成NAT主机的公共IP地址,然后再传送到Internet,虽然内部计算机使用的是私有IP地址,但在连接Internet时,就可以通过NAT主机的NAT技术,将内网我IP地址修改为公网IP地址,如此一来,内网计算机就可以向Internet请求数据了。
获取公网ip
百度ip,即可查看公网ip
curl命令查看公网ip
[/code]
通过http://myexternalip.com/raw获取公网ip
- [code]func get_external() string {
- resp, err := http.Get("http://myexternalip.com/raw")
- if err != nil {
- return ""
- }
- defer resp.Body.Close()
- content, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
- //buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
- //buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
- //s := buf.String()
- return string(content)
- }
复制代码 [/code]
获取本地ip
- [code]func GetIntranetIp() {
- addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
- if err != nil {
- fmt.Println(err)
- os.Exit(1)
- }
- for _, address := range addrs {
- // 检查ip地址判断是否回环地址
- if ipnet, ok := address.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
- if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil {
- fmt.Println("ip:", ipnet.IP.String())
- }
- }
- }
- }
复制代码 [/code]
通过dns服务器8.8.8.8:80获取使用的ip
- [code]func GetPulicIP() string {
- conn, _ := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
- defer conn.Close()
- localAddr := conn.LocalAddr().String()
- idx := strings.LastIndex(localAddr, ":")
- return localAddr[0:idx]
- }
复制代码 [/code]
判断是否是公网ip
- [code]func IsPublicIP(IP net.IP) bool {
- if IP.IsLoopback() || IP.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
- return false
- }
- if ip4 := IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
- switch true {
- case ip4[0] == 10:
- return false
- case ip4[0] == 172 && ip4[1] >= 16 && ip4[1] <= 31:
- return false
- case ip4[0] == 192 && ip4[1] == 168:
- return false
- default:
- return true
- }
- }
- return false
- }
复制代码 [/code]
ip地址string转int
- [code]func inet_aton(ipnr net.IP) int64 {
- bits := strings.Split(ipnr.String(), ".")
- b0, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[0])
- b1, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[1])
- b2, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[2])
- b3, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[3])
- var sum int64
- sum += int64(b0) << 24
- sum += int64(b1) << 16
- sum += int64(b2) << 8
- sum += int64(b3)
- return sum
- }
复制代码 [/code]
ip地址int转string
- [code]func inet_ntoa(ipnr int64) net.IP {
- var bytes [4]byte
- bytes[0] = byte(ipnr & 0xFF)
- bytes[1] = byte((ipnr >> 8) & 0xFF)
- bytes[2] = byte((ipnr >> 16) & 0xFF)
- bytes[3] = byte((ipnr >> 24) & 0xFF)
- return net.IPv4(bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0])
- }
复制代码 [/code]
判断ip地址区间
- [code]func IpBetween(from net.IP, to net.IP, test net.IP) bool {
- if from == nil || to == nil || test == nil {
- fmt.Println("An ip input is nil") // or return an error!?
- return false
- }
- from16 := from.To16()
- to16 := to.To16()
- test16 := test.To16()
- if from16 == nil || to16 == nil || test16 == nil {
- fmt.Println("An ip did not convert to a 16 byte") // or return an error!?
- return false
- }
- if bytes.Compare(test16, from16) >= 0 && bytes.Compare(test16, to16) <= 0 {
- return true
- }
- return false
- }
复制代码 [/code]
通过淘宝接口根据公网ip获取国家运营商等信息
接口:
http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip=
- [code]
- type IPInfo struct {
- Code int `json:"code"`
- Data IP `json:"data`
- }
- type IP struct {
- Country string `json:"country"`
- CountryId string `json:"country_id"`
- Area string `json:"area"`
- AreaId string `json:"area_id"`
- Region string `json:"region"`
- RegionId string `json:"region_id"`
- City string `json:"city"`
- CityId string `json:"city_id"`
- Isp string `json:"isp"`
- }
- func TabaoAPI(ip string) *IPInfo {
- url := "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip="
- url += ip
- resp, err := http.Get(url)
- if err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- defer resp.Body.Close()
- out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
- if err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- var result IPInfo
- if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &result); err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- return &result
- }
复制代码 [/code]
完整代码
- [code]package main
- import (
- "bytes"
- "encoding/json"
- "fmt"
- "io/ioutil"
- "net"
- "net/http"
- "os"
- "strconv"
- "strings"
- )
- type IPInfo struct {
- Code int `json:"code"`
- Data IP `json:"data`
- }
- type IP struct {
- Country string `json:"country"`
- CountryId string `json:"country_id"`
- Area string `json:"area"`
- AreaId string `json:"area_id"`
- Region string `json:"region"`
- RegionId string `json:"region_id"`
- City string `json:"city"`
- CityId string `json:"city_id"`
- Isp string `json:"isp"`
- }
- func main() {
- external_ip := get_external()
- external_ip = strings.Replace(external_ip, "\n", "", -1)
- fmt.Println("公网ip是: ", external_ip)
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- ip := net.ParseIP(external_ip)
- if ip == nil {
- fmt.Println("您输入的不是有效的IP地址,请重新输入!")
- } else {
- result := TabaoAPI(string(external_ip))
- if result != nil {
- fmt.Println("国家:", result.Data.Country)
- fmt.Println("地区:", result.Data.Area)
- fmt.Println("城市:", result.Data.City)
- fmt.Println("运营商:", result.Data.Isp)
- }
- }
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- GetIntranetIp()
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- ip_int := inet_aton(net.ParseIP(external_ip))
- fmt.Println("Convert IPv4 address to decimal number(base 10) :", ip_int)
- ip_result := inet_ntoa(ip_int)
- fmt.Println("Convert decimal number(base 10) to IPv4 address:", ip_result)
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- is_between := IpBetween(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), net.ParseIP("255.255.255.255"), net.ParseIP(external_ip))
- fmt.Println("check result: ", is_between)
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- is_public_ip := IsPublicIP(net.ParseIP(external_ip))
- fmt.Println("It is public ip: ", is_public_ip)
- is_public_ip = IsPublicIP(net.ParseIP("169.254.85.131"))
- fmt.Println("It is public ip: ", is_public_ip)
- fmt.Println("------Dividing Line------")
- fmt.Println(GetPulicIP())
- }
- func get_external() string {
- resp, err := http.Get("http://myexternalip.com/raw")
- if err != nil {
- return ""
- }
- defer resp.Body.Close()
- content, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
- buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
- buf.ReadFrom(resp.Body)
- //s := buf.String()
- return string(content)
- }
- func GetIntranetIp() {
- addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
- if err != nil {
- fmt.Println(err)
- os.Exit(1)
- }
- for _, address := range addrs {
- // 检查ip地址判断是否回环地址
- if ipnet, ok := address.(*net.IPNet); ok && !ipnet.IP.IsLoopback() {
- if ipnet.IP.To4() != nil {
- fmt.Println("ip:", ipnet.IP.String())
- }
- }
- }
- }
- func TabaoAPI(ip string) *IPInfo {
- url := "http://ip.taobao.com/service/getIpInfo.php?ip="
- url += ip
- resp, err := http.Get(url)
- if err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- defer resp.Body.Close()
- out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
- if err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- var result IPInfo
- if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &result); err != nil {
- return nil
- }
- return &result
- }
- func inet_ntoa(ipnr int64) net.IP {
- var bytes [4]byte
- bytes[0] = byte(ipnr & 0xFF)
- bytes[1] = byte((ipnr >> 8) & 0xFF)
- bytes[2] = byte((ipnr >> 16) & 0xFF)
- bytes[3] = byte((ipnr >> 24) & 0xFF)
- return net.IPv4(bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0])
- }
- func inet_aton(ipnr net.IP) int64 {
- bits := strings.Split(ipnr.String(), ".")
- b0, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[0])
- b1, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[1])
- b2, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[2])
- b3, _ := strconv.Atoi(bits[3])
- var sum int64
- sum += int64(b0) << 24
- sum += int64(b1) << 16
- sum += int64(b2) << 8
- sum += int64(b3)
- return sum
- }
- func IpBetween(from net.IP, to net.IP, test net.IP) bool {
- if from == nil || to == nil || test == nil {
- fmt.Println("An ip input is nil") // or return an error!?
- return false
- }
- from16 := from.To16()
- to16 := to.To16()
- test16 := test.To16()
- if from16 == nil || to16 == nil || test16 == nil {
- fmt.Println("An ip did not convert to a 16 byte") // or return an error!?
- return false
- }
- if bytes.Compare(test16, from16) >= 0 && bytes.Compare(test16, to16) <= 0 {
- return true
- }
- return false
- }
- func IsPublicIP(IP net.IP) bool {
- if IP.IsLoopback() || IP.IsLinkLocalMulticast() || IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
- return false
- }
- if ip4 := IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
- switch true {
- case ip4[0] == 10:
- return false
- case ip4[0] == 172 && ip4[1] >= 16 && ip4[1] <= 31:
- return false
- case ip4[0] == 192 && ip4[1] == 168:
- return false
- default:
- return true
- }
- }
- return false
- }
- func GetPulicIP() string {
- conn, _ := net.Dial("udp", "8.8.8.8:80")
- defer conn.Close()
- localAddr := conn.LocalAddr().String()
- idx := strings.LastIndex(localAddr, ":")
- return localAddr[0:idx]
- }
复制代码 [/code]
输出:
- [code]公网ip是: 222.128.17*.***
- ------Dividing Line------
- 国家: 中国
- 地区: 华北
- 城市: 北京市
- 运营商: 联通
- ------Dividing Line------
- ip: 169.254.85.131
- ip: 169.254.64.29
- ip: 169.254.211.178
- ip: 192.168.106.1
- ip: 192.168.154.1
- ip: 169.254.212.223
- ip: 192.168.10.26
- ip: 169.254.63.20
- ------Dividing Line------
- Convert IPv4 address to decimal number(base 10) : 373297****
- Convert decimal number(base 10) to IPv4 address: 222.128.17*.***
- ------Dividing Line------
- check result: true
- ------Dividing Line------
- It is public ip: true
- It is public ip: false
- ------Dividing Line------
- 192.168.10.26
复制代码 [/code]
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