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 由于SSClient使用了流套接字,所以服务程序也要使用流套接字。 
这就要创建一个ServerSocket对象,ServerSocket有几个构造函数,最简单的是ServerSocket(int port),当使用ServerSocket(int port)创建一个ServerSocket对象,port参数传递端口号,这个端口就是服务器监听连接请求的端口,如果在这时出现错误将抛出IOException异常对象,否则将创建ServerSocket对象并开始准备接收连接请求。 
接下来服务程序进入无限循环之中,无限循环从调用ServerSocket的accept()方法开始,在调用开始后accept()方法将导致调用线程阻塞直到连接建立。在建立连接后accept()返回一个最近创建的Socket对象,该Socket对象绑定了客户程序的IP地址或端口号。 
由于存在单个服务程序与多个客户程序通讯的可能,所以服务程序响应客户程序不应该花很多时间,否则客户程序在得到服务前有可能花很多时间来等待通讯的建立,然而服务程序和客户程序的会话有可能是很长的(这与电话类似),因此为加快对客户程序连接请求的响应,典型的方法是服务器主机运行一个后台线程,这个后台线程处理服务程序和客户程序的通讯。 
为了示范我们在上面谈到的慨念并完成SSClient程序,下面我们创建一个SSServer程序,程序将创建一个ServerSocket对象来监听端口10000的连接请求,如果成功服务程序将等待连接输入,开始一个线程处理连接,并响应来自客户程序的命令。下面就是这段程序的代码: 
  
Listing 3: SSServer.java 
  
[pre]// SSServer.java 
 
import java.io.*; 
import java.net.*; 
import java.util.*; 
 
class SSServer 
{ 
 public static void main (String [] args) throws IOException 
 {  
  System.out.println ("Server starting...\n");  
 
  // Create a server socket that listens for incoming connection 
  // requests on port 10000. 
 
  ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket (10000); 
 
  while (true) 
  { 
   // Listen for incoming connection requests from client 
   // programs, establish a connection, and return a Socket 
   // object that redivsents this connection. 
 
   Socket s = server.accept (); 
 
   System.out.println ("Accepting Connection...\n"); 
 
   // Start a thread to handle the connection. 
 
   new ServerThread (s).start (); 
  } 
 } 
} 
 
class ServerThread extends Thread 
{ 
 private Socket s; 
 
 ServerThread (Socket s) 
 { 
  this.s = s; 
 } 
 
 public void run () 
 { 
  BufferedReader br = null; 
  PrintWriter pw = null; 
 
  try 
  { 
   // Create an input stream reader that chains to the socket's 
   // byte-oriented input stream. The input stream reader 
   // converts bytes read from the socket to characters. The 
   // conversion is based on the platform's default character 
   // set. 
 
   InputStreamReader isr; 
   isr = new InputStreamReader (s.getInputStream ()); 
 
   // Create a buffered reader that chains to the input stream 
   // reader. The buffered reader supplies a convenient method 
   // for reading entire lines of text. 
 
   br = new BufferedReader (isr); 
 
   // Create a print writer that chains to the socket's byte- 
   // oriented output stream. The print writer creates an 
   // intermediate output stream writer that converts 
   // characters sent to the socket to bytes. The conversion 
   // is based on the platform's default character set. 
 
   pw = new PrintWriter (s.getOutputStream (), true); 
 
   // Create a calendar that makes it possible to obtain date 
   // and time information. 
 
   Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance (); 
 
 // Because the client program may send multiple commands, a 
   // loop is required. Keep looping until the client either 
   // explicitly requests termination by sending a command 
   // beginning with letters BYE or implicitly requests 
   // termination by closing its output stream. 
 
   do 
   { 
    // Obtain the client program's next command. 
 
    String cmd = br.readLine (); 
 
    // Exit if client program has closed its output stream. 
 
    if (cmd == null) 
     break; 
   
    // Convert command to uppercase, for ease of comparison. 
 
    cmd = cmd.toUpperCase (); 
 
    // If client program sends BYE command, terminate. 
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("BYE")) 
     break; 
 
    // If client program sends DATE or TIME command, return 
    // current date/time to the client program. 
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("DATE") || cmd.startsWith ("TIME")) 
     pw.println (c.getTime ().toString ()); 
 
    // If client program sends DOM (Day Of Month) command, 
    // return current day of month to the client program. 
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOM")) 
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)); 
 
    // If client program sends DOW (Day Of Week) command, 
    // return current weekday (as a string) to the client 
    // program. 
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOW")) 
     switch (c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)) 
 { 
     case Calendar.SUNDAY : pw.println ("SUNDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.MONDAY : pw.println ("MONDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.TUESDAY : pw.println ("TUESDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.WEDNESDAY: pw.println ("WEDNESDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.THURSDAY : pw.println ("THURSDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.FRIDAY : pw.println ("FRIDAY"); 
      break; 
 
     case Calendar.SATURDAY : pw.println ("SATURDAY"); 
    } 
 
    // If client program sends DOY (Day of Year) command, 
    // return current day of year to the client program. 
 
    if (cmd.startsWith ("DOY")) 
     pw.println ("" + c.get (Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR)); 
 
     // If client program sends PAUSE command, sleep for three 
     // seconds. 
  
    if (cmd.startsWith (" AUSE")) 
    try 
    { 
     Thread.sleep (3000); 
    } 
    catch (InterruptedException e) 
    { 
    } 
   } 
   while (true); 
   { 
   catch (IOException e) 
   { 
       System.out.println (e.toString ()); 
   } 
   finally 
   { 
    System.out.println ("Closing Connection...\n"); 
    try 
    { 
     if (br != null) 
      br.close (); 
 
      if (pw != null) 
       pw.close (); 
 
      if (s != null) 
       s.close (); 
    } 
    catch (IOException e) 
    { 
    } 
   } 
  } 
}[/pre] |  
  
  
  
运行这段程序将得到下面的输出: 
Server starting... 
Accepting Connection... 
Closing Connection... 
SSServer的源代码声明了一对类:SSServer 和ServerThread;SSServer的main()方法创建了一个ServerSocket对象来监听端口10000上的连接请求,如果成功, SSServer进入一个无限循环中,交替调用ServerSocket的 accept() 方法来等待连接请求,同时启动后台线程处理连接(accept()返回的请求)。线程由ServerThread继承的start()方法开始,并执行ServerThread的run()方法中的代码。 
一旦run()方法运行,线程将创建BufferedReader, PrintWriter和 Calendar对象并进入一个循环,这个循环由读(通过BufferedReader的 readLine())来自客户程序的一行文本开始,文本(命令)存储在cmd引用的string对象中,如果客户程序过早的关闭输出流,会发生什么呢?答案是:cmd将得不到赋值。 
注意必须考虑到这种情况:在服务程序正在读输入流时,客户程序关闭了输出流,如果没有对这种情况进行处理,那么程序将产生异常。 
一旦编译了SSServer的源代码,通过输入Java SSServer来运行程序,在开始运行SSServer后,就可以运行一个或多个SSClient程序。 |   
 
 
 
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