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来自:http://www.blogjava.net/max/arcHive/2006/10/18/75857.HTML
在上一篇文章《为Struts 2.0做好准备》中,我过于详细地介绍了Struts 2.0开发环境和运行环境的配置,所以,本文很少涉及的以上两方面的细节。如果,您看完《为Struts 2.0做好准备》后,还有什么不明白,或者没法运行文中例子,请联系我。我的E-MAIL:Max.M.Yuan@gmail.com。
在介绍常用标志前,我想先从总体上,对Struts 1.x与Struts 2.0的标志库(Tag Library)作比较。
Struts 1.x
Struts 2.0
分类
将标志库按功能分成HTML、Tiles、Logic和Bean等几部分
严格上来说,没有分类,所有标志都在URI为“/struts-tags”命名空间下,不过,我们可以从功能上将其分为两大类:非UI标志和UI标志
表达式语言(expression languages)
不支持嵌入语言(EL)
OGNL、JSTL、Groovy和Velcity
以上表格,纯属个人总结,如有所不足或错误,请不吝指正
好了,我要开始介绍“常用”(这里所谓的“常用”,是指在已往工作中使用Struts里经常用到的)的标志了。
要在JSP中使用Struts 2.0标志,先要指明标志的引入。通过在JSP的代码的顶部加入以下代码可以做到这点。
<%@taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
非UI标志
if、elseif和else
描述:
执行基本的条件流转。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
备注
test
是
Boolean
决定标志里内容是否显示的表达式
else标志没有这个参数
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Condition Flow
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h3
>
Condition Flow
</
h3
>
<!--
这里有点小技巧:
本来可以用#parameters.name[0]来获得,请求中name的值。但是,在我实现include例子时,
无论我用param标志给name赋任何值,#parameters里面不会含有任何值,所以#parameters.name也为空值。
其原因为:
当使用include标志时,被包含的页面(included)里#parameters拿到的是包含页面里的请求参数。
因此,这里必须手工调用request.getParameter("name")。
-->
<
s:set
name
="name"
value
="<%= "
"" + request.getParameter("name") + """ %
>
" />
<
s:if
test
="#name == "Max""
>
Max"s file here
</
s:if
>
<
s:elseif
test
="#name == "Scott""
>
Scott"s file here
</
s:elseif
>
<
s:else
>
Other"s file here
</
s:else
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例1 condition.jsp
iterator
描述:
用于遍历集合(java.util.Collection)或枚举值(java.util.Iterator)。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
status
否
String
如果设置此参数,一个IteratorStatus的实例将会压入每个遍历的堆栈
value
否
Object/String
要遍历的可枚举的(iteratable)数据源,或者将放入新列表(List)的对象
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ page import
=
"
java.util.List
"
%>
<%
@ page import
=
"
java.util.ArrayList
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<%
List list
=
new
ArrayList();
list.add(
"
Max
"
);
list.add(
"
Scott
"
);
list.add(
"
Jeffry
"
);
list.add(
"
Joe
"
);
list.add(
"
Kelvin
"
);
request.setAttribute(
"
names
"
, list);
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Iterator
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h3
>
Names:
</
h3
>
<!--
1、此处的空property元素用于获得当前iterator的值
2、status被设成stuts,在iterator的里面就可以通过#stuts取得IteratorStatus的对象。IteratorStatus类包含当前序号信息,如是否第一个或最后一个,是否为奇数序号。这些信息在我们做格式化的时候,显得非常有用。
-->
<
ol
>
<
s:iterator
value
="#request.names"
status
="stuts"
>
<
s:if
test
="#stuts.odd == true"
>
<
li
>
White
<
s:property
/></
li
>
</
s:if
>
<
s:else
>
<
li
style
="background-color:gray"
><
s:property
/></
li
>
</
s:else
>
</
s:iterator
>
</
ol
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例2 iterator.jsp
i18n
描述:
加载资源包到值堆栈。它可以允许text标志访问任何资源包的信息,而不只当前action相关联的资源包。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
value
是
Object/String
资源包的类路径(如com.xxxx.resources.AppMsg)
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
HelloWorld
=
Hello Wrold!
例3 classes ApplicationMessages.properties
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Internationization
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h3
>
<
s:i18n
name
="ApplicationMessages"
>
<
s:text
name
="HelloWorld"
/>
</
s:i18n
>
</
h3
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例3 i18n.jsp
include
描述:
包含一个Servlet的输出(servlet或jsp的页面)。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
value
是
String
要包含的jsp或servlet
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
Iterator
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h3
>
Interator Page
</
h3
>
<
s:include
value
="/condition.jsp"
>
<
s:param
name
="name"
>
Max
</
s:param
>
</
s:include
>
<
h3
>
i18n
</
h3
>
<
s:include
value
="/i18n.jsp"
/>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例4 include.jsp
param
描述:
为其他标签提供参数,比如include标签和bean标签. 参数的name属性是可选的,如果提供,会调用Component的方法addParameter(String, Object), 如果不提供,则外层嵌套标签必须实现UnnamedParametric接口(如TextTag)。
value的提供有两种方式,通过value属性或者标签中间的text,不同之处我们看一下例子:
<param name="color">blue</param><!-- (A) -->
<param name="color" value="blue"/><!-- (B) -->
(A)参数值会以String的格式放入statck.
(B)该值会以java.lang.Object的格式放入statck.
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
name
否
String
参数名
value
否
String
value表达式
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
请参考例4。
set
描述:
set标签赋予变量一个特定范围内的值。当希望给一个变量赋一个复杂的表达式,每次访问该变量而不是复杂的表达式时用到。其在两种情况下非常有用: 复杂的表达式很耗时 (性能提升) 或者很难理解 (代码可读性提高)。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
name
是
String
变量名字
scope
否
String
变量作用域,可以为application, session, request, page, 或action.
value
否
Object/String
将会赋给变量的值
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
请参考例1。
text
描述:
支持国际化信息的标签。国际化信息必须放在一个和当前action同名的resource bundle中,如果没有找到相应message,tag body将被当作默认message,如果没有tag body,message的name会被作为默认message。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
name
是
String
资源属性的名字
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
请参考例3。
url
描述:
该标签用于创建url,可以通过"param"标签提供request参数。
当includeParams的值时"all"或者"get", param标签中定义的参数将有优先权,也就是说其会覆盖其他同名参数的值。
参数: 略
例子:
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<!
DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
URL
</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
h3
>
URL
</
h3
>
<
a
href
="<s:url
value
="/i18n.jsp"
/>
">i18n
</
a
><
br
/>
<
s:url
id
="url"
value
="/condition.jsp"
>
<
s:param
name
="name"
>
Max
</
s:param
>
</
s:url
>
<
s:a
href
="%{url}"
>
ifelseifelse
</
s:a
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例5 url.jsp
property
描述:
得到"value"的属性,如果value没提供,默认为堆栈顶端的元素。
参数:
名称
必需
默认
类型
描述
default
否
String
如果属性是null则显示的default值
escape
否
true
Booelean
是否escape HTML
value
否
栈顶
Object
要显示的值
id
否
Object/String
用来标识元素的id。在UI和表单中为HTML的id属性
例子:
请参考例2。
UI标志
UI标志又可以分为表单UI和非表单UI两部分。表单UI部分基本与Struts 1.x相同,都是对HTML表单元素的包装。不过,Struts 2.0加了几个我们经常在项目中用到的控件如:datepicker、doubleselect、timepicker、optiontransferselect等。因为这些标志很多都经常用到,而且参数也很多,要在一篇文章详细说明并非易事。
需要深入了解这些标志的朋友,可以到以下查看以下网址:
http://wiki.javascud.org/display/ww2cndoc/Tags WebWork2文档中文化计划(中文)
http://cwiki.apache.org/WW/tag-reference.html Tag Developers Guide(英文)
本文有相当的内容也来自这两处。
在此,我虽然不能够详细讲述这些标志,但是可以与大家分享一个来Struts 2.0 Show Case一个例子。
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/**/
/*
* $Id: UITagExample.java 420385 2006-07-10 00:57:05Z mrdon $
*
* Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package
org.apache.struts2.showcase;
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import
org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
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import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
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import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.Validateable;
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import
com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlValueStack;
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import
java.util.ArrayList;
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import
java.util.Collections;
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import
java.util.Date;
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import
java.util.HashMap;
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import
java.util.List;
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import
java.util.Map;
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import
java.io.File;
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/** */
/**
*/
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public
class
UITagExample
extends
ActionSupport
implements
Validateable
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{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -94044809860988047L;
String name;
Date birthday;
String bio;
String favoriteColor;
List friends;
boolean legalAge;
String state;
String region;
File picture;
String pictureContentType;
String pictureFileName;
String favouriteLanguage;
String favouriteVehicalType = "MotorcycleKey";
String favouriteVehicalSpecific = "YamahaKey";
List leftSideCartoonCharacters;
List rightSideCartoonCharacters;
List favouriteLanguages = new ArrayList();
List vehicalTypeList = new ArrayList();
Map vehicalSpecificMap = new HashMap();
String thoughts;
 public UITagExample() {
favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("EnglishKey", "English Language"));
favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("FrenchKey", "French Language"));
favouriteLanguages.add(new Language("SpanishKey", "Spanish Language"));
VehicalType car = new VehicalType("CarKey", "Car");
VehicalType motorcycle = new VehicalType("MotorcycleKey", "Motorcycle");
vehicalTypeList.add(car);
vehicalTypeList.add(motorcycle);
List cars = new ArrayList();
cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("MercedesKey", "Mercedes"));
cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("HondaKey", "Honda"));
cars.add(new VehicalSpecific("FordKey", "Ford"));
List motorcycles = new ArrayList();
motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("SuzukiKey", "Suzuki"));
motorcycles.add(new VehicalSpecific("YamahaKey", "Yamaha"));
vehicalSpecificMap.put(car, cars);
vehicalSpecificMap.put(motorcycle, motorcycles);
}
 public List getLeftSideCartoonCharacters() {
return leftSideCartoonCharacters;
}
 public void setLeftSideCartoonCharacters(List leftSideCartoonCharacters) {
this.leftSideCartoonCharacters = leftSideCartoonCharacters;
}
 public List getRightSideCartoonCharacters() {
return rightSideCartoonCharacters;
}
 public void setRightSideCartoonCharacters(List rightSideCartoonCharacters) {
this.rightSideCartoonCharacters = rightSideCartoonCharacters;
}
 public String getFavouriteVehicalType() {
return favouriteVehicalType;
}
 public void setFavouriteVehicalType(String favouriteVehicalType) {
this.favouriteVehicalType = favouriteVehicalType;
}
 public String getFavouriteVehicalSpecific() {
return favouriteVehicalSpecific;
}
 public void setFavouriteVehicalSpecific(String favouriteVehicalSpecific) {
this.favouriteVehicalSpecific = favouriteVehicalSpecific;
}
 public List getVehicalTypeList() {
return vehicalTypeList;
}
 public List getVehicalSpecificList() {
OgnlValueStack stack = ServletActionContext.getValueStack(ServletActionContext.getRequest());
Object vehicalType = stack.findValue("top");
 if (vehicalType != null && vehicalType instanceof VehicalType) {
List l = (List) vehicalSpecificMap.get(vehicalType);
return l;
}
return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
}
 public List getFavouriteLanguages() {
return favouriteLanguages;
}

 public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
}

 /**//* Getters and Setters */
 public String doSubmit() {
return SUCCESS;
}
// === inner class
 public static class Language {
String description;
String key;
 public Language(String key, String description) {
this.key = key;
this.description = description;
}
 public String getKey() {
return key;
}
 public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
 public static class VehicalType {
String key;
String description;
 public VehicalType(String key, String description) {
this.key = key;
this.description = description;
}
 public String getKey() { return this.key; }
 public String getDescription() { return this.description; }
 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 if (! (obj instanceof VehicalType)) {
return false;
}
 else {
return key.equals(((VehicalType)obj).getKey());
}
}
 public int hashCode() {
return key.hashCode();
}
}
 public static class VehicalSpecific {
String key;
String description;
 public VehicalSpecific(String key, String description) {
this.key = key;
this.description = description;
}
 public String getKey() { return this.key; }
 public String getDescription() { return this.description; }
 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
 if (! (obj instanceof VehicalSpecific)) {
return false;
}
 else {
return key.equals(((VehicalSpecific)obj).getKey());
}
}
 public int hashCode() {
return key.hashCode();
}
}
}
例6 org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample.java
<%
@ page contentType
=
"
text/html; charset=UTF-8
"
pageEncoding
=
"
UTF-8
"
%>
<%
@ taglib prefix
=
"
s
"
uri
=
"
/struts-tags
"
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
title
>
UI Tags Example
</
title
>
<
s:head
/>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
s:actionerror
/>
<
s:actionmessage
/>
<
s:fielderror
/>
<
s:form
action
="exampleSubmit"
method
="post"
enctype
="multipart/form-data"
tooltipConfig
="#{"jsTooltipEnabled":"true"}"
>
<
s:textfield
label
="Name"
name
="name"
tooltip
="Enter your Name here"
/>
<
s:datepicker
tooltip
="Select Your Birthday"
label
="Birthday"
name
="birthday"
/>
<
s:textarea
tooltip
="Enter your Biography"
label
="Biograph"
name
="bio"
cols
="20"
rows
="3"
/>
<
s:select
tooltip
="Choose Your Favourite Color"
label
="Favorite Color"
list
="{"Red", "Blue", "Green"}"
name
="favoriteColor"
emptyOption
="true"
headerKey
="None"
headerValue
="None"
/>
<
s:select
tooltip
="Choose Your Favourite Language"
label
="Favourite Language"
list
="favouriteLanguages"
name
="favouriteLanguage"
listKey
="key"
listValue
="description"
emptyOption
="true"
headerKey
="None"
headerValue
="None"
/>
<
s:checkboxlist
tooltip
="Choose your Friends"
label
="Friends"
list
="{"Patrick", "Jason", "Jay", "Toby", "Rene"}"
name
="friends"
/>
<
s:checkbox
tooltip
="Confirmed that your are Over 18"
label
="Age 18+"
name
="legalAge"
/>
<
s:doubleselect
tooltip
="Choose Your State"
label
="State"
name
="region"
list
="{"North", "South"}"
value
=""South""
doubleValue
=""Florida""
doubleList
="top == "North" ? {"Oregon", "Washington"} : {"Texas", "Florida"}"
doubleName
="state"
headerKey
="-1"
headerValue
="---------- Please Select ----------"
emptyOption
="true"
/>
<
s:doubleselect
tooltip
="Choose your Vehical"
label
="Favourite Vehical"
name
="favouriteVehicalType"
list
="vehicalTypeList"
listKey
="key"
listValue
="description"
value
=""MotorcycleKey""
doubleValue
=""YamahaKey""
doubleList
="vehicalSpecificList"
doubleListKey
="key"
doubleListValue
="description"
doubleName
="favouriteVehicalSpecific"
headerKey
="-1"
headerValue
="---------- Please Select ----------"
emptyOption
="true"
/>
<
s:file
tooltip
="Upload Your Picture"
label
="Picture"
name
="picture"
/>
<
s:optiontransferselect
tooltip
="Select Your Favourite Cartoon Characters"
label
="Favourite Cartoons Characters"
name
="leftSideCartoonCharacters"
leftTitle
="Left Title"
rightTitle
="Right Title"
list
="{"Popeye", "He-Man", "Spiderman"}"
multiple
="true"
headerKey
="headerKey"
headerValue
="--- Please Select ---"
emptyOption
="true"
doubleList
="{"Superman", "Mickey Mouse", "Donald Duck"}"
doubleName
="rightSideCartoonCharacters"
doubleHeaderKey
="doubleHeaderKey"
doubleHeaderValue
="--- Please Select ---"
doubleEmptyOption
="true"
doubleMultiple
="true"
/>
<
s:textarea
label
="Your Thougths"
name
="thoughts"
tooltip
="Enter your thoughts here"
/>
<
s:submit
onclick
="alert("aaaa");"
/>
<
s:reset
onclick
="alert("bbbb");"
/>
</
s:form
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
例6 example.jsp
<
action
name
="example"
class
="org.apache.struts2.showcase.UITagExample"
>
<
result
>
example.jsp
</
result
>
<
result
name
="input"
>
example.jsp
</
result
>
</
action
> |
|