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签到天数: 15 天 [LV.4]偶尔看看III
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一般Servlet只初始化一次(只有一个实例)。对于更多的客户端请求,Server创建新的请求和响应对象,仍然激活此Servlet的service()方法,将这两个对象作为参数传递给该方法。如此重复以上的循环,但无需再调用init()方法。
原因:
出于性能的考虑:特别的对于门户网站而言,每一个Servlet在每一秒内的并发访问量都可以是成千上万的。在一个面向模块化开发的现在,常常一个点击操作就被定义为一个Servlet的实现,而如果Servlet的每一次被访问,都创建一个新的实例的话,服务器的可用资源消耗量将是一个相当重要的问题。
退一步,一般Servlet的访问是很快的,每一个实例被快速的创建,又被快速的回收,GC的回收速度也跟不上,频繁的内存操作也将可能带来次生的问题。
所以,Servlet的“单一实例化”是一个很重要的策略。
此时为了更好理解servlet,这里附上servlet、httpservlet代码:
Servlet源代码:
- package javax.servlet;
- import java.io.IOException;
- // Referenced classes of package javax.servlet:
- // ServletException, ServletConfig, ServletRequest, ServletResponse
- public interface Servlet
- {
- public abstract void init(ServletConfig servletconfig)
- throws ServletException;
- public abstract ServletConfig getServletConfig();
- public abstract void service(ServletRequest servletrequest, ServletResponse servletresponse)
- throws ServletException, IOException;
- public abstract String getServletInfo();
- public abstract void destroy();
- }
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HttpServlet源代码:
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.Serializable;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.text.MessageFormat;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- import java.util.ResourceBundle;
- import javax.servlet.*;
- // Referenced classes of package javax.servlet.http:
- // NoBodyResponse, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse
- public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet
- implements Serializable
- {
- public HttpServlet()
- {
- }
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String protocol = req.getProtocol();
- String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
- if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
- resp.sendError(405, msg);
- else
- resp.sendError(400, msg);
- }
- protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req)
- {
- return -1L;
- }
- protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- NoBodyResponse response = new NoBodyResponse(resp);
- doGet(req, response);
- response.setContentLength();
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String protocol = req.getProtocol();
- String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported");
- if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
- resp.sendError(405, msg);
- else
- resp.sendError(400, msg);
- }
- protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String protocol = req.getProtocol();
- String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_put_not_supported");
- if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
- resp.sendError(405, msg);
- else
- resp.sendError(400, msg);
- }
- protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String protocol = req.getProtocol();
- String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_delete_not_supported");
- if(protocol.endsWith("1.1"))
- resp.sendError(405, msg);
- else
- resp.sendError(400, msg);
- }
- private Method[] getAllDeclaredMethods(Class c)
- {
- if(c.equals(javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet))
- return null;
- Method parentMethods[] = getAllDeclaredMethods(c.getSuperclass());
- Method thisMethods[] = c.getDeclaredMethods();
- if(parentMethods != null && parentMethods.length > 0)
- {
- Method allMethods[] = new Method[parentMethods.length + thisMethods.length];
- System.arraycopy(parentMethods, 0, allMethods, 0, parentMethods.length);
- System.arraycopy(thisMethods, 0, allMethods, parentMethods.length, thisMethods.length);
- thisMethods = allMethods;
- }
- return thisMethods;
- }
- protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- Method methods[] = getAllDeclaredMethods(getClass());
- boolean ALLOW_GET = false;
- boolean ALLOW_HEAD = false;
- boolean ALLOW_POST = false;
- boolean ALLOW_PUT = false;
- boolean ALLOW_DELETE = false;
- boolean ALLOW_TRACE = true;
- boolean ALLOW_OPTIONS = true;
- for(int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++)
- {
- Method m = methods[i];
- if(m.getName().equals("doGet"))
- {
- ALLOW_GET = true;
- ALLOW_HEAD = true;
- }
- if(m.getName().equals("doPost"))
- ALLOW_POST = true;
- if(m.getName().equals("doPut"))
- ALLOW_PUT = true;
- if(m.getName().equals("doDelete"))
- ALLOW_DELETE = true;
- }
- String allow = null;
- if(ALLOW_GET && allow == null)
- allow = "GET";
- if(ALLOW_HEAD)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "HEAD";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", HEAD").toString();
- if(ALLOW_POST)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "POST";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", POST").toString();
- if(ALLOW_PUT)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "PUT";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", PUT").toString();
- if(ALLOW_DELETE)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "DELETE";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", DELETE").toString();
- if(ALLOW_TRACE)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "TRACE";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", TRACE").toString();
- if(ALLOW_OPTIONS)
- if(allow == null)
- allow = "OPTIONS";
- else
- allow = (new StringBuilder()).append(allow).append(", OPTIONS").toString();
- resp.setHeader("Allow", allow);
- }
- protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String CRLF = "\r\n";
- String responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append("TRACE ").append(req.getRequestURI()).append(" ").append(req.getProtocol()).toString();
- for(Enumeration reqHeaderEnum = req.getHeaderNames(); reqHeaderEnum.hasMoreElements();)
- {
- String headerName = (String)reqHeaderEnum.nextElement();
- responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append(responseString).append(CRLF).append(headerName).append(": ").append(req.getHeader(headerName)).toString();
- }
- responseString = (new StringBuilder()).append(responseString).append(CRLF).toString();
- int responseLength = responseString.length();
- resp.setContentType("message/http");
- resp.setContentLength(responseLength);
- ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
- out.print(responseString);
- out.close();
- }
- protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- String method = req.getMethod();
- if(method.equals("GET"))
- {
- long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
- if(lastModified == -1L)
- {
- doGet(req, resp);
- } else
- {
- long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
- if(ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000L) * 1000L)
- {
- maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
- doGet(req, resp);
- } else
- {
- resp.setStatus(304);
- }
- }
- } else
- if(method.equals("HEAD"))
- {
- long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
- maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
- doHead(req, resp);
- } else
- if(method.equals("POST"))
- doPost(req, resp);
- else
- if(method.equals("PUT"))
- doPut(req, resp);
- else
- if(method.equals("DELETE"))
- doDelete(req, resp);
- else
- if(method.equals("OPTIONS"))
- doOptions(req, resp);
- else
- if(method.equals("TRACE"))
- {
- doTrace(req, resp);
- } else
- {
- String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
- Object errArgs[] = new Object[1];
- errArgs[0] = method;
- errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
- resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
- }
- }
- private void maybeSetLastModified(HttpServletResponse resp, long lastModified)
- {
- if(resp.containsHeader("Last-Modified"))
- return;
- if(lastModified >= 0L)
- resp.setDateHeader("Last-Modified", lastModified);
- }
- public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
- throws ServletException, IOException
- {
- HttpServletRequest request;
- HttpServletResponse response;
- try
- {
- request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
- response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
- }
- catch(ClassCastException e)
- {
- throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
- }
- service(request, response);
- }
- private static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
- private static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
- private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
- private static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
- private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
- private static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
- private static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";
- private static final String HEADER_IFMODSINCE = "If-Modified-Since";
- private static final String HEADER_LASTMOD = "Last-Modified";
- private static final String LSTRING_FILE = "javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings";
- private static ResourceBundle lStrings = ResourceBundle.getBundle("javax.servlet.http.LocalStrings");
- }
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- 参考:《[url=https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/500404314.html].init()方法成功完成后,Servlet可以接受请求.默认有多少个Servlet实例被创建[/url]》、《[url=http://www.cnblogs.com/yy3b2007com/p/5224362.html]Java Servlet(二):servlet配置及生命周期相关(jdk7+tomcat7+eclipse)[/url]》
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